Problems with in Take Air Filtration in Piston and Turbine Combustion Engines Used in Conditions of High Air Dust Content

The operating conditions of engines in motor vehicles used in conditions of high air dustiness resulting from sandy ground and in helicopters using temporary landing sites were analyzed. The impact of mineral dust on accelerated abrasive and erosive wear of components and assemblies of piston and turbine engines was presented. At-tention was drawn to the formation of dust deposits on turbine engine components. The possibilities of minimizing abrasive wear by using two-stage intake air filtration systems in motor vehicle engines were presented. The filtration properties of cyclones used as the first stage of air filtration were discussed. Three forms of protection for helicopter engines against the intake of contaminated air and to extend their service life were presented: intake barrier filters (IBF), tube separators (VTS), and particulate separators (IPS) called Engine Air Particle Separation (EAPS). It has been shown that pleating the filter bed significantly increases the filtration area without increasing the frontal area, whereby optimization of the filter bed geometry is of great importance here. An important advantage of the VTS air filtration system has been demonstrated in the form of zero maintenance due to the use of a system for the continuous removal of separated dust, whereby increasing the suction flow increases the separation effi-ciency and flow resistance. IPS is an air filtration system integrated with a turbine en-gine, characterized by a compact design, low external resistance, and no periodic maintenance, but with lower separation efficiency than VTS and IBF systems. The primary goal of such systems is to separate as many solid particles as possible at the lowest possible energy cost.