Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: A Global and Historical Perspective

Background/Objectives: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a vi-sion-threatening condition characterized by the separation of the neurosensory retina from the retinal pigment epithelium due to retinal breaks, leading to subretinal fluid accumulation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemi-ology, risk factors, and historical evolution of RRD from a global perspective, highlighting trends, regional variations, and key advancements to inform clinical practice and future research. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science for studies published from 1970 to 2025 on RRD epidemiology, risk factors, incidence rates and temporal trends. Inclusion criteria focused on population-based studies, meta-analyses, and reviews. Data were synthesized qualitatively and quantitatively where possible. Results: The global annual incidence of RRD is estimated at 12.17 per 100,000 population, with significant regional variations: highest in Europe (14.52 per 100,000) and lower in the Americas (8.95 per 100,000). The incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment has risen by 5.4 cases per 100,000 population per decade, with projections suggesting it could double over the next 20 years. Key risk factors include myopia (3-39-fold increased risk depending on severity), age (peak in 60-70s), male sex, cataract surgery, and trauma. Conclusions: RRD incidence is rising globally, driven by aging populations and increasing myopia prevalence, with myopia as the strongest potentially modifiable risk factor. Historical advancements underscore the importance of early detection and surgical intervention. Future efforts should focus on preventive strategies in high-risk groups and addressing regional disparities in access to care.