Impact of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on Oral Health: A Cross-Sectional Study at the University Hospital Center of Sidi Bel Abbès, Algeria

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), a respiratory pathology primarily linked to smoking, appears to exacerbate oral health problems through systemic and local mechanisms. This study evaluates the impact of COPD on the oral health of smoking patients in an Algerian context.​Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2023 at the University Hospital Center of Sidi Bel Abbès, Algeria. A total of 138 male smoking patients were included. Each participant answered a standardized questionnaire, underwent a thorough clinical oral examination, and spirometry to confirm the diagnosis of COPD (FEV/FVC < 0.7 post-bronchodilator).​Results: Out of 138 patients, 62 (44.9%) had confirmed COPD. Tooth loss was significantly more frequent among COPD patients (88.7%) than among non-COPD patients (77.6%, p = 0.03). Dental caries were also more prevalent in the COPD group (85.5%) compared to the non-COPD group (70.1%, p = 0.02). Gum disease (93.5% vs. 91.3%, p = 0.65) and bad breath (79.0% vs. 76.0%, p = 0.70) showed similar prevalences in both groups.​Conclusion: COPD is associated with a significant deterioration of oral health, particularly regarding tooth loss and dental caries. A multidisciplinary management approach involving pulmonologists and dentists is crucial to improve clinical outcomes and patient quality of life.