Genetic Cold Adaptation and Performance Optimization of Ice and Snow Athletes in Northeast China: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Policy Implications

The present review mainly studies the inheritance of cold resistance and physiological responses and enhancement methods of ice and snow athletes in Northeast China, also known as a place with severe cold. The main focus is on certain specific cold adaptation related genes, such as ucp1, trpm8, fto and analyzing how these genes, specifically affect the performance and recovery of athletes. The athletes who live in cold areas adapt to the environment have significant differences in terms of vasomotor, metabolism, and inflammation, different from those of temperate regions. So they are biologically different.The review combines the latest findings in multi-omics and artificial intelligence to help with training. It can produce new forms of smart training programs and sports gear that take into account how the physical characteristics of Northeastern Chinese athletes are different from everyone else. More specifically, it also gives public health and policy views on supporting sustainable regional ice and snow sports industry. To fill out important voids in grasping cold-environment sports physiology and offer practical applications along with good theoretical insights, this review is done in order for athletes’ performances to be improved and to be instrumental in guiding policies in areas that are cold.