Concentration of PM 2.5 and PM 10 Particulate Matter in Various Indoor Environments. A Literature Review

Indoor air quality (IAQ) plays a crucial role in the health, comfort, and productivity of building occupants. In the context of increasing particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10) pollution, this study aimed to analyse the impact of ventilation and filtration systems on particulate concentrations in various indoor environments, including schools, offices, residential buildings, and sports facilities. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, which included experimental and simulation studies, as well as real-world measurement data obtained from sensors monitoring PM, CO2, VOCs, temperature, and humidity. The results indicate that the effectiveness of the filtration systems and proper adjustment of airflow significantly reduce the concentration of PM 2.5 and PM 10, with filters of at least 65 % efficiency (MERV-11 and higher) providing the greatest improvement in air quality. The findings also confirm the significant influence of building location and outdoor conditions (e.g., dust storms, heating season) on measured concentrations. The conclusions highlight the need to implement integrated online IAQ monitoring, develop intelligent ventilation systems, and introduce biodegradable and energy-efficient filtration solutions adapted to the specific characteristics of different types of buildings.