A one-Dimensional Model for the Analysis of Seismic Site Response and Soil Instabilities: Review of the Computer Code SCOSSA 1.0

This review aims to provide a complete and comprehensive state-of-the-art of the computer code SCOSSA, which is a one-dimensional nonlinear computer code for the analysis of seismic site response and soil instability. Indeed, among the effects of earthquakes, the activation of landslide and liquefaction constitute two of the predominant causes of vulnerability of the physical and built environment. The computer code SCOSSA (Seismic COde for Stick–Slip Analysis) initially developed to evaluate the permanent displacements of simplified slopes using a coupled model., introduced several improvements respect to the past, namely: the solution of the dy-namic equilibrium equations that includes the possibility of automatic detect the critical sliding surface; an up-to-date constitutive relationship to model hysteretic behavior; a stable iterative algorithm to solve the system in terms of kinematic variables. Regarding the failure induced by liquefaction triggering, a simplified pore water pressure model was developed and implemented in the code later on, in conjunction with the one-dimensional consolidation theory. This review retraces the main features, developments and applications of the computer code from the origin to the present version.