Wind Energy Curtailment: Historical Case Study

Currently, renewable energy projects are growing, and one of the critical unforeseen consequences that has emerged is curtailment. This study focuses on characterizing a full dataset of real operational curtailed electricity from wind energy projects in one-hour time steps, obtained through Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition over the years 2022 and 2025 of operation. The case study is based on the national electrical system of Chile and the analysis incorporates curtailment patterns and more significant features, which can ultimately be used as an input source for annexed projects, such as energy storage systems or green hydrogen production. The total installed capacity increased from 3.0 GW to 5.0 GW during this period, representing a 66\% expansion, while energy generation increased by only 22\%. Curtailed energy increased from 9\% to 13\% of total potential output, equivalent to approximately 3.4 TWh of unused clean energy. Location analysis reveals that around 60\% of generation and curtailment occur in northern Chile, where grid congestion is most pronounced. Monthly trends show a pattern that combines a linear upward increase associated with growth in installed capacity and a cyclical seasonal component driven by resource variability. These findings highlight that curtailment has become a structural limitation for renewable integration, primarily due to insufficient transmission expansion and system flexibility.