The Bidirectional Brain-Tumor Axis: A Systematic Review of Neurobiological Mechanisms Influencing Cancer Progression and Patient Morbidity
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The understanding of cancer has been dominated by a tumor-centric paradigm. However, growing evidence suggests that the host's nervous system plays an active role in the disease's trajectory. Research on the "top-down" influence of stress on tumor growth and the "bottom-up" influence of cancer on neurological function has advanced in parallel, but a synthesis integrating these axes into a unified model remains a critical gap.