Ghartey’s WWWH DT Integrated Disease Mapping Framework: An Adaptable Reverse Diagnostic Reasoning Model for Clinical and Molecular Pathology Learning and Teaching

Background: Diagnostic reasoning in medicine often moves forward from symptom recognition to diagnosis confirmation. In chemical pathology and molecular medicine, reverse reasoning involves tracing clinical manifestations back to their molecular origins. This is key and essential but under‑emphasised in teaching.Aim: To present Ghartey’s WWWH DT Integrated Disease Mapping Framework, a structured five‑step model integrating clinical, biochemical, and molecular reasoning to arrive at diagnostic testing.Methods: The framework follows the sequence; What → Where → Why → How → Diagnostic Tests. It is grounded in the principle that deranged biochemistry and/or molecular distortions generate pathophysiology. Applied examples in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, malaria, hypertension, and prostate cancer illustrate its use.Results: The WWWH DT framework provides a clear, teachable structure for reverse diagnostic reasoning, linking bedside observations to biochemical and molecular mechanisms.Conclusions: This framework offers a novel, integrative approach to diagnostic reasoning with potential applications in medical education, clinical training, and interdisciplinary teaching.