Optimizing Academic and Non-Cognitive Outcomes Through Blended Learning: A Framework for Advancing SDG 4

Integrating grit, growth mindset, and personalized blended learning offers a promising strategy to enhance academic and non-cognitive outcomes, particularly in high-stakes testing contexts where performance pressures are intense. While previous research has established the individual value of grit, mindset, and blended learning, few studies have examined their combined impact. This study evaluates the Mind-Grit Pathways frame-work, designed to align with Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) by fostering equi-table, high-quality, and technology-enhanced education. Using a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design, the study involved 11th-grade students from two urban high schools. The treatment group (n = 501) engaged in a blended learning model enriched with grit and mindset development, while the control group (n = 488) followed traditional instruction. Data sources included statewide test scores and validated grit and mindset surveys, analyzed through ANCOVA, correlation, and subgroup comparisons. Results revealed significant gains in all subjects for the treatment group—Math (η² = .935), Read-ing (η² = .882), English (η² = .694), and Science (η² = .910)—alongside improvements in grit (η² = .248) and growth mindset (η² = .289). Growth mindset strongly correlated with achievement (r > .81), grit showed moderate links (r ≈ .18–.21), and demographic effects were minimal. Overall, the framework demonstrates scalable potential for transforming 21st-century education.