Adaptive Critic Control of Frequency and Voltage in Islanded Microgrids Considering Energy Storage Systems

This paper addresses the operational challenges introduced by the growing share of intermittent renewable energy sources in islanded microgrids. Traditional unit commitment (UC) methods struggle to manage the continuous variations in demand and renewable generation effectively. To overcome these limitations, a Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Controller (DVFC) is proposed. The DVFC is designed to efficiently manage generation and controllable loads using an adaptive critic design, incorporating technical constraints and look-ahead utility functions. The proposed method is applied to short-term UC, ensuring frequency and voltage regulation while maintaining microgrid stability. This approach enhances cost efficiency and extends batteries life cycle by reducing stress on them. The DVFC’s performance was evaluated using the CIGRE test system under diverse renewable generation and load scenarios. Results demonstrate that the DVFC significantly outperforms conventional UC algorithms in maintaining microgrid stability.