Hazardous Clinical Conditions Present Specific Transfusion-Transmitted Disorder Risks and Require Special Attention: Sickle Cell Disease, Transplantation Settings

Aims: The aim is to focus on the risk of transfusion-transmitted diseases, which are emerging in highly vulnerable conditions, especially in hazardous disorders such as sickle cell disease, specific clinical situations, and transplantations. Transplant settings require even greater vigilance in donor selection, blood preparation, and pathogen screening. They may also involve new lifestyle considerations for the safe selection of organ or stem cell donors—a deeper consideration is essential regarding the hepatitis E virus and vidarabine resistance in these high-risk patient groups. Clinical settings: This brief review emphasises a high-risk group of patient cohorts for bloodborne infections, their transfusion needs, and the criteria for transfusion. The most significant topic is arguably a complex and severe haemoglobinopathy, sickle cell disease (SCD), which requires frequent transfusions for critically important reasons, particularly because sickling prevention, splenic function, and in the meanwhile immune defence are often impaired. Some pathogens, such as parvovirus B19, pose particular risks in SCD. Bone marrow and solid organ transplantation as potential transmission routes during and after the procedure will also be examined, emphasising more recent data across various transplant scenarios.