Optimize the Ferroelectric and Ferromagnetic Characteristics of Composite Multiferroic Materials to Facilitate Broadband Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

Multiferroic composites of xNi0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4/(1-x)BaTiO3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, labeled NZFO/BTO) with ~100 nm particle size were synthesized via high-energy ball milling and thermal annealing. The X-ray diffraction shows a co-existence of the ferromagnetic phase of NZFO and the ferroelectric phase of BTO. Our observations indicate that saturation, remanence, and coercivity progressively increase with increasing NFO content, specifi-cally from x = 0 to x = 0.5. At x = 0.1, the maximum electric polarization, remanent electric polarization, coercivity and electric power loss density reach their maximum values of ~ 0.057, 0.018, 3.25 and 0.222, respectively, for an applied electric field less than 10 kV/cm. These multiferroic composites demonstrate excellent electromagnetic wave absorption capabilities from 2 to 18 GHz. With a sample thickness of 2.5-3.5 mm, a minimum reflec-tion loss of -41.51, -37, -28.72 dB corresponding to frequencies of 12.52 GHz, 11 GHz and 9.32 GHz. The effective absorption bandwidth for this sample is 11.5-16 GHz, indicating optimal impedance and attenuation matching and effective absorption of electromagnetic waves throughout the Ku bands. These outcomes reveal the capability for wideband ab-sorption uses in radar invisibility technology and electromagnetic insulation.