Post-Quantum Trusted Computing: Architectural Approaches, Standardization, and Open Challenges in the Quantum Era

Trusted Computing (TC), which has long been the cornerstone of hardware-based platform integrity, faces an existential threat from the advent of large-scale quantum computers capable of breaking its underlying classical cryptography. This review systematically analyzes the imperative transition to Post-Quantum Trusted Computing (PQC-TC), synthesizing the leading research and industry-driven efforts to secure this critical paradigm. We present a taxonomy of PQC-TC approaches, including the PQC modernization of existing Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs) for functions like measured boot and remote attestation. Our analysis highlights the dual challenges of adapting to new algorithms with significantly larger key sizes and higher computational overheads, as well as the need for robust migration strategies. We examine the pivotal roles of the NIST PQC Standardization Process and the Trusted Computing Group (TCG) in defining the path to commercial readiness. While PQC modernization is the most viable nearterm solution, we identify open research challenges in formal security modeling, resource optimization for embedded systems, and the long-term potential of hybrid architectures integrating quantum hardware. This paper concludes that the successful evolution of TC hinges on proactive, collaborative efforts to build a secure, resilient, and quantum-ready foundation for future digital systems.