The Role of Prior Cybersecurity Knowledge in Promoting Safe Online Practices: A Study from Somaliland

Cybersecurity awareness has become a critical factor in mitigating online risks, especially in regions where technical security measures are limited. This study examines the role of prior cybersecurity knowledge in influencing safe online practices among internet users in Somaliland. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 387 respondents, collecting data on demographics, prior cybersecurity knowledge, password behavior, two-factor authentication (2FA) usage, phishing awareness, and software update practices. Descriptive results indicate a significant knowledge gap, with a majority of participants lacking prior cybersecurity awareness. To explore determinants, logistic regression was applied to assess the relationship between demographic variables and prior knowledge. Additionally, multivariate models were used to evaluate the impact of prior knowledge on safe online behaviors. Findings reveal that higher education and frequent internet use are associated with greater cybersecurity awareness. Furthermore, participants with prior knowledge were more likely to adopt secure behaviors such as enabling 2FA, avoiding simple passwords, and responding appropriately to phishing attempts. These results highlight the importance of targeted awareness campaigns to bridge the knowledge–behavior gap and strengthen user resilience against cyber threats in Somaliland. Future strategies should prioritize phishing education, password hygiene, and authentication security as key components of digital safety programs.