Orbital Consequences of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Contemporary Narrative Review of the Ophthalmologic Impact and Therapeutic Role of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent inflammatory condition of the paranasal sinuses involving at least 12 weeks of persistent sinonasal inflammation, often with nasal obstruction, discharge, facial pressure, and hyposmia. While the burden of CRS on quality of life and respiratory health is well recognized, its potential impact on orbital structures is an area of growing clinical attention. Chronic sinus disease can therefore extend beyond the sinuses to involve the orbit, leading to ophthalmologic complications that range from subtle vision changes to severe, sight-threatening emergencies. Traditionally, orbital complications are more commonly associated with acute sinusitis (particularly in children), but contemporary evidence highlights that chronic rhinosinusitis and its sequelae – including mucoceles, chronic infections (bacterial or fungal), and protracted inflammation – can likewise produce significant orbital consequences. These manifestations underscore the need for vigilance and a multidisciplinary approach in managing CRS patients with ocular symptoms. This review aims give an updated understanding of this interdisciplinary topic to clinicians in both otolaryngology and ophthalmology, guiding prompt recognition and effective management of CRS patients with orbital involvement.