Probabilistic Geometry Based on the Fuzzy Playfair Axiom

Probabilistic version of geometry is introduced. The fifth postulate of Euclid (Playfair’s axiom) is adopted in the following probabilistic form: consider a line and a point not an line, there is exactly one line through the point with probability P, where 0 ≤ P ≤ 1. Playfair’s axiom is logically independent of the rest of the Hilbert system of axioms of the Euclidian geometry. Thus, the probabilistic version of the Playfair axiom may be combined with other Hilbert axioms. P = 1 corresponds to the standard Euclidean geometry; P=0 corresponds to the elliptic- and hyperbolic-like geometries. 0 < P < 1 corresponds to the introduced probabilistic geometry. Parallel constructions in this case are Bernoulli trials. Theorems of the probabilistic geometry are discussed. Given a triangle and a line drawn from a vertex parallel to the opposite side, the event that this line is actually parallel occurs with probability P. Otherwise, the line may intersect the side or diverge. Parallelism is not transitive in the probabilistic geometry. Probabilistic geometry occurs on the surface with a stochastically variable Gaussian curvature. Alternative geometries adopting various versions of the probabilistic Playfair axiom are introduced. Probabilistic non-Archimedean geometry is addressed. Applications of the probabilistic geometry are discussed.