Advances in Psoriasis Research: Decoding Immune Circuits and Developing Novel Therapies

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune skin disease characterized by erythematous plaques covered with silvery-white scales, often accompanied by systemic complications such as psoriatic arthritis and cardiovascular diseases. The occurrence and progression of this disease are related to the IL-23/IL-17 axis and involve aberrant activation and interactions of multiple immune cells, including keratinocytes, dendritic cells, Th17 cells, and neutrophils, with genetic predispositions and environmental triggers. Currently, psoriasis remains incurable. Therapeutic strategies that primarily focus on immunosuppression, anti-inflammation, and palliative care can only control and delay disease progression. These strategies face challenges relating to cost, safety, efficacy and precision of targeting. Future research should prioritize individualized treatment, immune tolerance induction, and microbiome modulation to achieve long-term disease control and potential cure. This review is primarily focused on the progress and prospects of the pathogenesis and therapies for psoriasis, aiming to provide new insights for individualized treatment in the future.