M2M Payment Auth Tracking over Blockchain

Background: Supply-Chain 5.0 envisions hyper-connected cyber–physical ecosystems where autonomous devices negotiate and settle financial obligations without human intervention. Existing payment rails depend on costly intermediaries, manual authentication and post-facto reconciliation, rendering them unsuitable for machine-to-machine (M2M) micro-transactions that demand millisecond-scale finality and tamper-evident auditability.This work proposes a secure M2M payment framework that couples a permissioned-blockchain settlement layer with an adaptive multi-factor authentication (A-MFA) pipeline and an energy-aware off-chain state-channel mechanism. A dual-channel consensus separates value transfer from authentication proofs, minimising on-chain gas consumption. Formal security proofs in the Real-or-Random model and empirical benchmarking on a Hyperledger Fabric test-bed validate confidentiality, integrity and liveness properties under realistic adversarial conditions. Experiments demonstrate end-to-end settlement latency below 250 ms, 42 % lower computational overhead and 18 % reduced energy consumption compared with certificate-based escrow baselines. The framework enables scalable, standards-compliant and auditable M2M payments, paving the way for frictionless Supply-Chain 5.0 finance.