Analysis of the Food and Income Expenditure Survey 2023 Among Filipino Households

This study examines the drivers of food expenditure among 163,268 Filipino households using data from the PSA and advanced statistical techniques. Results indicate that although many households are high-income, they spend relatively less on food per member. Principal Component Analysis, dominant income sources such as retail, transport, farming, and remittances were identified. Furthermore, spatial clustering reveals that Leyte and Bohol exhibit the highest food spending. Notably, rural households spend more on food and have higher per capita income than urban households. Allocation of meat and bread represents the largest shares of food expenditure. Significantly, factors such as household size, income, and rural-urban status show strong nonlinear associations with food insecurity. Lastly, Engel’s curve supports that food is a necessity, with wealthier households allocating more to food consumed outside the home. Future research should incorporate finer geographic detail, nutritional measures, and longitudinal insights to enhance the robustness of the analysis.