Unseen Strains: The Critical Role of Psychosocial Risks, Mental Health and Violence in Nurses’ Musculoskeletal Disorders

Background: Work-related Musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are highly prevalent among nurses, not only due to the physical demands but also because of significant psychosocial stressors and mental health challenges inherent in healthcare environments. This study investigates the relationship between psychosocial factors, mental health, and workplace violence with the occurrence of WRMSDs in nurses. Methods: A total of 266 nurses from various healthcare units participated in this study. Three validated questionnaires were used: the Health and Work Survey (INSAT) to assess psychosocial factors and musculoskeletal disorders; The Violence at Work Scale to measure exposure to violence factors; and the DASS-21 scale to evaluate mental health dimensions, depression, anxiety, and stress. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics to determine the associations between the investigated factors and WRMSDs. Results: This study analyzed the complex relationships that exist between three clusters of characteristics – psychosocial risk factors, mental health, particularly anxiety, and workplace violence – and work-related musculoskeletal diseases (WRMSDs) in Portuguese nurses. In sum, inadequate guidance, low decision latitude, skilldevelopment barriers, anxiety, and violence form the principal drivers of WRMSDs in this workforce. Conclusions: This study's results highlight the importance of addressing psychosocial factors, mental health, and workplace violence to reduce the incidence of WRMSDs among nurses. Interventions focused on improving working conditions and promoting mental health may be effective in preventing WRMSDs among nurses.