Comparative Analysis of Cataract Surgery Outcomes in Elderly Patients from Different Ethnic Groups in Northern Israel: A Retrospective Study
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Background/Objectives: This study compares postoperative outcomes of cataract surgery between Jewish and Arab populations in Northern Israel, evaluating demographic characteristics, comorbidities, cataract severity, and visual recovery. The aim is to identify ethnic disparities and the factors influencing surgical outcomes in elderly patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel, including 251 elderly patients who underwent cataract surgery in 2023. Patients were categorized by ethnicity (Jewish, n=149; Arab, n= 102) and stratified by age (60-69, 70-79, ≥80 years). Data on demographics, systemic comorbidi-ties, cataract type, and postoperative visual acuity were collected from electronic medical records. Statistical analysis included chisquare tests, t-tests and logistic regression. Results: Jewish pa-tients demonstrated significantly better postoperative visual acuity compared to Arab patients (n=102), with median Snellen acuity of 20 (IQR 12–60) vs. 30 (IQR 15–60), respectively (p = 0.019). The Arab group had higher rates of hypertension (p = 0.038) and diabetes mellitus (p = 0.004), both associated with increased cataract severity and postoperative complications. Posterior sub-capsular cataracts were more prevalent in the Arab population (p = 0.043), along with a higher incidence of postoperative complications such as corneal edema and posterior capsule opacification. Conclusions: Significant ethnic disparities were observed in cataract severity, comorbidity burden, and postoperative outcomes. The Arab cohort experienced poorer visual recovery and higher complication rates, likely influenced by systemic health factors and healthcare interventions. Targeted strategies, including early screening, improved education and tailored postoperative care, are essential address these disparities. and optimize outcomes across populations.