A Decade of Advances in Lung Cancer: Progress, Artificial Intelligence, and Global Collaboration

Background: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortalityworldwide, but the past ten years have seen transformative advances in its detectionand treatment. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent developmentsin lung cancer research (2015–2025), with a focus on lung cancer biology, innovativetherapies (targeted drugs and immunotherapy), the role of artificial intelligence (AI),and contributions from global research efforts.Methods: We surveyed the literature from the last decade, including clinical trialresults, epidemiological studies, and translational research, to summarize key findings.Particular emphasis was placed on high-impact studies, emerging technologies, andmultidisciplinary approaches.Results: Significant progress has been made in early detection (with low-dose CTscreening reducing mortality in high-risk groups), molecular profiling of tumors (en-abling personalized targeted therapies for oncogene-driven cancers), and immunother-apy (immune checkpoint inhibitors yielding durable remissions in a subset of advancedlung cancer patients). AI techniques have been applied in lung cancer for enhancedimaging analysis, pathology, risk prediction, and treatment decision support. Numer-ous international collaborations and trials have accelerated these advances. However,challenges remain, including drug resistance, early detection in broader populations,and disparities in access to new treatments.Conclusion: The last decade’s innovations have markedly improved lung cancer out-comes and reshaped clinical practice. Ongoing research into novel therapeutic targets,optimization of immunotherapy, integration of AI, and tailored public health strate-gies promises to further reduce lung cancer mortality and improve patient quality oflife. Continued global collaboration will be crucial in sustaining this momentum andovercoming the remaining challenges in lung cancer control.