Assessment of Rice Productivity and Solar Power Generation in Agri-Photovoltaic Systems

This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and benefits of integrating photovoltaic (APV) systems with rice cultivation, focusing on growth characteristics, chlorophyll content and fluorescence, yield components, and electricity production. An APV system was installed over a rice paddy area in Namhae-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, with 607 modules providing a total capacity of approximately 97.12 kW. The Baegokchal variety of rice was cultivated following standard practices, and growth characteristics, chlorophyll content, and fluorescence were measured throughout the growing period. Yield components were analyzed, and electricity production was monitored to assess the performance of the APV system. The rice growing period in 2021 experienced lower than average temperatures and higher rainfall. Despite these conditions, rice in the APV systems showed increased chlorophyll content and fluorescence, indicating an adaptive response to reduced sunlight. Rice plants in APV systems exhibited greater plant height but fewer tillers compared to the control group. Leaves were significantly longer and wider, enhancing photosynthetic efficiency under shading. The yield of rice in APV systems was reduced by approximately 9% compared to the control, less severe than reported in other studies. The APV system demonstrated stable electricity production, with consistent output throughout the year, despite variations in solar radiation. Integrating photovoltaic systems with rice cultivation is feasible and beneficial, providing a reliable source of renewable energy and enhancing farm income despite a slight reduction in rice yield. This study highlights the potential of APV systems to contribute to sustainable agriculture and renewable energy expansion, suggesting the need for further research on various crops and conditions to optimize system performance.