In Vitro Advances in Tendon Cell Biology: Tenosan® as a Potential Nutraceutical Tool for Tendon Care

Tendinopathies are chronic, multifactorial conditions marked by inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and impaired healing. Nutraceuticals are increasingly explored as adjunctive therapies to modulate these processes. This study evaluates the biological effects of Tenosan®, a dietary supplement, on human tenocytes under both physiological and inflammatory conditions. An in vitro model of tendinopathy was established by stimulating human tenocytes with interleukin-1β. The effect of Tenosan® in improving tendon wellness was evaluated by analysing matrix and inflammatory markers. Results shows that Tenosan® significantly increased the type I/III collagen ratio, reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion, and enhanced nitric oxide production, indicating improved extracellular matrix remodeling and pro-regenerative activity. These findings demonstrate that Tenosan® positively modulates key pathways involved in tendon healing, supporting its potential use as part of a multimodal strategy for managing tendinopathies.