Strength and Conditioning Demands of Sprinters and Throwers in Track and Field: A Comparative Analysis

This paper examines the strength and conditioning requirements for sprinters and throwers in track and field, highlighting their shared and distinct needs for optimal performance. Both disciplines demand explosive power, rapid force development (RFD), and tailored training to enhance biomechanical and physiological attributes. Sprinters emphasize rapid triple extension and lower-body explosiveness for acceleration and maximal speed, while throwers prioritize maximal force production through upper-body and core strength. Research indicates that periodized training, plyometrics, and neuromuscular coordination significantly enhance performance in both groups. Key factors such as lean body mass, muscle fiber type, and genetic predispositions influence outcomes, with specific training protocols like jump squats and resisted sprints improving sprint acceleration and throwing distance. The paper also explores energy system contributions, kinematic stride mechanics, and psychological factors, emphasizing the need for individualized, event-specific training programs to maximize athletic potential.