Influence of Trace Mineral Sources and Levels on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Bone Characteristics, Oxidative Stress, and Immunity of Broiler

This study investigated the effects of different trace mineral sources and inclusion levels on broiler growth performance, carcass characteristics, bone (tibia) characteristics, oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase, SOD, malondialdehyde, MDA), and immune response (serum IgG). A total of 384 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments: (1) commercial-level inorganic trace minerals (ILI), (2) low-level organic trace minerals (LLO), and (3) low-level inorganic trace minerals (LLI). Each treatment consisted of eight replicates with 16 birds per replicate, and diets were provided in two phases: starter (days 1–21) and grower (days 22–35). The results showed that LLO group demonstrated a significantly improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the starter phase (P < 0.05) and exhibited higher fillet and thigh muscle yields (P < 0.05), while other carcass traits, pH, and drip loss remained unaffected. Tibia breaking strength at day 35 was highest in the ILI group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in oxidative stress markers or IgG levels among groups. Overall, a low level of organic trace minerals sustained broiler performance and improved select traits, whereas reduced inorganic levels were less effective, supporting the potential of organic sources for sustainable poultry production.