Top of the Atmosphere Reflected Shortwave Radiative Fluxes from ABI on GOES-18

In this study we describe the derivation and evaluation of Top of the Atmosphere (TOA) Shortwave Radiative (SWR) Fluxes from the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) sensor on the GOES-18 satellite. The TOA estimates use narrow-band observations from ABI that are transformed to broadband (NTB), based on simulations and adjusted to total fluxes using Angular Distribution Models (ADM). Subsequently, the GOES-18 estimates are evaluated against the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data, the only available source of information over the GOES-18 domain. The importance of agreement at the TOA is because most methodologies to derive surface SWR start with the satellite observation at the TOA. Moreover, information on radiative fluxes at both boundaries (TOA and surface) is needed for estimating the energy absorbed by the atmosphere. The methodology described has been comprehensively evaluated and possible sources of errors were identified. The results of the evaluation for the four seasonal months indicate that by using the best available auxiliary data the accuracy achieved in estimating TOA SWR at instantaneous scale ranges between 0.55 to 17.14 W m−2 for the bias and 22.21 to 31.20 W m−2 for the standard deviation of biases (differences are ABI minus CERES). It is believed that the high bias of 17.14 for July is related to the predominantly cloudless sky conditions when the used ADMs do not perform as well as for cloudy conditions.