Evaluation of Blood Tests for Early Diagnosis in the Age-Related Macular Degeneration Diseases

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Abstract

In this study, the blood parameters of patients with age-related macular degeneration who applied to our clinic were compared with patients in a similar age range who had no additional disease and applied to our clinic for cataract surgery, and it was aimed to find a clinical preliminary diagnosis. With clinical preliminary diagnosis, it was aimed to prevent permanent vision loss in advanced age through early treatment. Between January 2010 and March 2023, 102 people who had not previously been diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration and who first applied to the retina unit of the Department of Ophthalmology at Pamukkale University or were under previous follow-up, and who applied to our hospital for cataract surgery in the same period and had no additional disease, were included in the control group. Wet type and dry type AMD patients were separated in the study and compared. All patients underwent visual acuity measurement, intraocular pressure measurement, biomicroscopic anterior and posterior segment examination, and optical coherence tomography measurement. For cases in which the distinction between dry and wet type AMD could not be definitively made, and for all wet type AMD patients, fundus fluorescein angiography was performed. In the wet type AMD patient group, at least one eye had a choroidal neovascular membrane and leakage/hemorrhage or RPE detachment related to the membrane was observed. In the dry type AMD group, at least one eye had drusen (at least >63 microns) or geographic atrophy in the macula. As a result, while it was aimed to prevent permanent vision loss in advanced age through early treatment with clinical preliminary diagnosis, we did not encounter a clear parameter to make a clinical diagnosis between the patient and control groups. After the clinical diagnosis, NLR and PLR can be used as a visual marker during the diagnosis stage to distinguish the disease type.

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