Immunogenic and Protective Properties of mRNA Vaccine Encoding Hemagglutinin of Avian Influenza A/H5N8 Virus, Delivered by Lipid Nanoparticles and Needle-Free Jet Injection
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The development of a vaccine against highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5 viruses is an urgent task due to concerns about its pandemic potential. Here, we have developed an experimental mRNA vaccine mRNA-H5, encoding a modified hemagglutinin trimer of influenza virus A/turkey/Stavropol/320-01/2020 (H5N8). Immunization of BALB/c mice with the obtained mRNA-H5 vaccine using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and needle-free jet injection (JI) has been shown to effectively stimulate specific humoral and T-cell immune responses. Moreover, mRNA-H5 delivered by LNPs and JI provided 100% protectivity of immunized mice against lethal challenge with homologous and heterologous strains of avian influenza virus (A/Astrakhan/3212/2020 (H5N8) and A/chicken/Magadan/14-7V/2022 (H5N1), respectively). The present results indicate that needle-free jet injection can be considered as an alternative to LNPs for mRNA delivery. mRNA-H5 is a promising candidate as a vaccine against highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5 viruses with pandemic potential.