The Life of the Vape: Chemical Profile Characterisation Across the Life Cycle of Medicinal Cannabis Vape Cartridges

Background/Objectives: Medicinal cannabis electronic vaporisation devices are growing in popularity worldwide; however, many variables can impact the precision and uniformity of this dosage form. Little is known about the chemical composition of cannabis and terpenes across the life cycle of such devices, raising concerns for both regulatory authorities and medical practitioners. Methods: This study investigated the chemical composition changes in cannabinoids and terpenes across two different cannabis distillates (high THC, no CBD; Balanced THC & CBD), and in two different vaporisation devices (i.e., batteries), across the life cycle of the cartridges. Samples were analysed using HPLC and GC-MS by an independent third party GMP-approved analytical laboratory. Results: When comparing to the published literature on dried cannabis flower vaporisation devices, medicinal cannabis vape carts appear to be more precise and consistent when delivering dose compared to label claim for the products tested. The consistency of the chemical profiles of the tested products also demonstrates that there was minimal to no degradation of cannabinoids and terpenes, as well as minimal to no isomerisation or polymerisation of terpenes. Conclusions: Whilst only a preliminary study, these results lay the foundation for future research to investigate the viability, precision, and standardisation that can be achieved with medicinal cannabis vape cartridges compared to vaporised and/or combusted flower. Future research on medicinal cannabis vapes should focus on improving technique for inhalation and sampling to be able to develop dosing guidelines, and dose form testing, for reproducible precision and patient safety.