Revolutionizing Gas Turbine Aerodynamics: Advanced Numerical Methods for High-Fidelity Simulations, Turbulence Modeling, and Aerothermodynamic Analysis

Gas turbine engines represent one of the most complex and sophisticated engineering systems in modern technology, with applications spanning power generation, aviation, and marine propulsion. The aerodynamic performance of these systems directly impacts their efficiency, reliability, and environmental footprint. This comprehensive review examines the revolutionary advancements in numerical methods that have transformed our understanding and analysis of gas turbine aerodynamics. The paper explores the evolution from traditional computational approaches to cutting-edge high-fidelity simulation techniques, including Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), Large Eddy Simulation (LES), and hybrid RANS-LES methods. We provide an in-depth analysis of advanced turbulence modeling approaches, highlighting their theoretical foundations, implementation strategies, and practical applications in gas turbine environments. The review further investigates state-of-the-art aerothermodynamic analyses, focusing on conjugate heat transfer, film cooling optimization, and multi-physics coupling. Through detailed case studies and critical evaluation of current methodologies, this paper demonstrates how revolutionary numerical methods have redefined our understanding of flow physics, heat transfer mechanisms, and overall performance prediction in gas turbine systems. Finally, we discuss emerging technologies and future research directions, including exascale computing, digital twin implementation, and machine learning integration, that promise to further advance the field of gas turbine aerodynamics.