Optimizing Seed Priming Techniques for Enhanced Germination and Seedling Growth in <i>Anthurium clarinervium</i> Matuda
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Anthurium clarinervium Matuda is a highly prized ornamental foliage plant in the market, recognized for its large, heart-shaped leaves with a striking reflective sheen that commands premium prices. However, its commercial cultivation is challenged by low seed germination rates. This study aimed to develop a seed priming protocol to improve germination rates and early seedling growth for Anthurium production. The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design (2x3x3) involving three factors: seed preparation, plant growth stimulants, and water temperature. Results showed that immediate sowing of peeled seeds and soaking in water at 27-50°C produced significantly better seed quality and seedling growth compared to a seven-day delay in sowing. Specifically, the optimal treatment—combining immediate sowing of peeled seeds, Phytonova+Germa Plus (1:2 ratio), and a 27°C soaking temperature—achieved the highest seed quality indicators: an 87% germination rate, a 15-day mean germination time, and a germination speed index of 0.99. Soaking seeds at 50°C further enhanced seedling growth, yielding seedlings with a leaf length of 4.64 cm, leaf width of 4.49 cm, plant height of 9.81 cm, and root length of 13.79 cm. The germination index was most strongly correlated with germination percentage (r=0.97), followed by root length, shoot length, leaf length, and leaf width. Main effect analysis indicated that immediate sowing (A1) consistently outperformed delayed sowing (A2), with A2 showing similar values only in specific growth indicators, such as germination speed index, root length, shoot length, leaf length, and leaf width. This study demonstrates that water temperatures exceeding 70°C are detrimental to Anthurium seed quality, emphasizing the need for carefully controlled conditions to maximize germination and growth potential.