Role of COX-2 Inhibitors in Animal Models of Epilepsy: A Systematic Review

Background: Recurrent seizures are among the characteristic features of epilepsy, which is a chronic neurological disorder. Recently, COX-2 inhibitors have been studied as possible therapeutic options that provide neuroprotection in addition to seizure control. The animal model is an important tool for assessing these interventions. But uneven dosing practices, a lack of long-term studies, and varying model results highlight the need for extra, more standardized examination.Objectives: This review aimed to systematically collect and evaluate the body of knowledge about the application of COX-2 inhibitors in animal models of epilepsy, with an emphasis on how well they work to reduce seizures and provide neuroprotection. To guide future research and clinical protocols, the review provides knowledge about study gaps, especially regarding standardized dosing practices or protocols, long-term effectiveness, and distinctions in different animal models.Methodology: A Comprehensive literature search was performed using Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, searching the following keywords: “Epilepsy,” Seizure,” Neuroprotection,” Seizure Reduction,” “Inflammatory mediators,” and “COX-2 Inhibitors.” Out of the 400 initially explored articles, 20 original research articles met the selection criteria. These articles were available in open-access full text, and these studies were performed in an animal model of epilepsy that focused on seizure reduction and neuroprotection through COX-2 inhibitors. The articles and review papers with restricted access and clinical trials were excluded. The risk of bias in the selected studies was analyzed using a tool called SYRCLE. Results: In many animal models, COX-2 inhibitors had varying levels of success in reducing seizures and providing neuroprotection. Although the results suggest that COX-2 inhibitors have the potential to reduce seizures and improve neuroprotection, there are essential obstacles to overcome, including the lack of long-term research and standardized dosing protocols or procedures. This systematic review identifies the gaps in our understanding of the appropriate dosage, long-term efficacy, and differences in effectiveness among epilepsy models. Conclusion: COX-2 inhibitors show potential in lowering seizures and providing neuroprotection. Furthermore, research is required to establish standardized treatment procedures, assess long-term outcomes, and gain a good understanding of the mechanisms behind the variations observed in various epilepsy models.