Kinesiological Analysis Using Inertial Sensor Systems: Methodological Framework and Clinical Applications in Pathological Gait

Accurate gait assessment is essential for managing pathological locomotion, especially in elderly patients recovering from hip joint surgeries. Wearable inertial sensor systems provide real-time, objective gait analysis in clinical settings. This study presents data on pelvic oscillation in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes, recorded via inertial measurement units during gait with and without assistive devices. We examined two groups: Group A (n=15, patients over 65 with osteosynthesis metallica) and Group B (n=34, patients over 65 with arthroplasty). Initial results showed the greatest deviations from normal (90–100%) in the frontal plane for both groups (46,4% and 52,6%), indicating pelvic asymmetry. In the transverse plane, Group A demonstrated the lowest values (47,7%) due to pain and compensatory mechanics. At the end of the observation period, significant improvements were found in all planes, particularly in the frontal plane (75,2% and 72,2%, p=0,001), though values remained below normal. Improvements were more substantial during unassisted walking, indicating increased pelvic control. These findings support the utility of inertial sensors in detecting subtle gait dysfunctions and monitoring recovery. Their use enables individualized rehabilitation strategies and represents a modern approach to gait analysis in orthopedic patients.