Tribological, Rheological and Environmental Evaluation of Bio-Based Mahua Oil Blended with PAO4 and SAE20W40

In this research study, commercial SAE20W40 engine oil and Polyalphaolefin (PAO4) were individually blended with eco-friendly Mahua oil (MO) at volume ratios of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% using an ultrasonicator and a magnetic stirrer. The rheological and tribological characteristics of prepared samples were then analyzed by using a rotational Rheometer (MCR-102) and a Four-ball tribo-tester. The chemical characterization of formulated lubricants was analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The worn-out surface of the ball was characterized by using a Scanning Electron Microscope. According to the rheological investigation, the dynamic viscosity of the MO is higher than PAO4 and lower than SAE20W40 engine oil. Blending SAE20W40 into MO increased the dynamic viscosity of MO, whereas blending PAO4 into MO decreased it. At all volume concentrations, the flow behavior of the blended oil showed Newtonian characteristics. The coefficient of friction (COF) for MO exhibited significantly lower values (52% and 46%) when compared to pure SAE20W40 commercial engine oil and PAO4, respectively. The superior antifriction properties, stable frictional torque, and smooth wear scar surface were achieved at 10% PAO4 and40% SAE20W40 into MO. Based on experimentation, it can be suggested that the blending of SAE20W40 and PAO4 intoMO could be a feasible solution for both energy-saving purposes as well as environmental impact.