Study and Characterization of New KPIs for Measuring Efficiency in Urban Loading and Unloading Zones Using the OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) Model

The use of LUZs in urban environments is a critical factor for the proper functioning of vehicle mobility in cities. A poor use of these zones causes negative externalities such as double parking or illegal occupation of pedestrian crossings or garage doors. The purpose of the study is to provide city governance with a methodology based on the OEE model to evaluate the efficiency of a zone or a set of zones and to be able to make decisions that improve the use of these zones without harming the coexistence with the rest of the city users. To validate the methodology, all deliveries made in selected areas of the city of Zaragoza over a full month were studied. The result of the study shows that there is a very considerable loss of use and some recommendations are proposed in order to obtain a better use. The low level of efficiency is due to the incorrect use by the delivery drivers themselves, who often use the LUZs as parking lots, and the illegal occupation of the zones by unauthorized private vehicles.