An Integrated Review on Liposomal Techniques, Nanostructured Carriers, and Fast Dissolving Formulations for Enhanced Bioavailability

Drug delivery as a field has progressed from delivering drugs in a traditional manner to utilizing highly engineered, customized and targeted systems. This review attempts to gather key developments in diverse new drug delivery platforms with a focus on liposomal drug carriers, nanoparticles, proniosomes and newer oral dosage forms. The evolution of targeted drug delivery is first described along with the rationale for delivering drugs in a targeted manner to treat a desired location while minimizing systematic drug availability. The review discusses liposomes in detail, including their types, preparative techniques, and clinical applications as well as nanoparticles, and lipid based nanocarriers on the basis of their structural diversity and ability to improve bioavailability for use in pharmaceutics and cosmetics. Proniosomes, microencapsulation and nanocapsules are explored for their capabilities in sustained and controlled drug release. In addition, this review introduces and discusses fundamental issues surrounding oral drug delivery of proteins and peptides, particularly efficient strategies for overcoming gastrointestinal degradation and enhancing permeability. The review draws attention to recent advances in fast-dissolving films, mouth-dissolving tablets, effervescent tablets, and chewable tablets that support formulation advances for patient compliance and convenience. Overall, the review combines basic research with emerging technologies to provide an all-encompassing platform for how emerging drug delivery technologies will establish a new benchmark for drug delivery and enhance the overall patient outcome.