The Impact of Overweight and Obesity on Pregnancy Outcomes in Women Delivered by Caesarean Section – A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background/Objectives: Maternal overweight and obesity are critical factors increasing the risk of various pregnancy complications. Maternal obesity can lead to fetal macrosomia and a heightened risk of intrauterine death, with long-term implications for the child’s health. The study aimed to analyse the incidence of obesity and its impact on pregnancy outcome in women delivered by caesarean section from 2021 to 2023 at the University Hospital "St. George", Plovdiv. Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined the prevalence of obesity and its effects on pregnancy outcomes among 494 women undergoing caesarean sections between 2021 and 2023. The documentary method was used for gathering data. Inclusion criteria were applied. Data were statistically analysed with SPSS v.23. Results: A significant prevalence of obesity in the studied cohort was revealed, highlighting concerns regarding body weight among women of reproductive age. The presence of preeclampsia in these mothers was associated with increased risks to newborns, including prematurity and low birth weight. The study emphasized a strong correlation between maternal obesity, particularly severe obesity, and the occurrence of preeclampsia. Conclusions: There is a noticeable trend towards increasing rates of pregnancy complications associated with maternal obesity. A substantial proportion of women delivered by caesarean section is affected by obesity and overweight. This study indicated a clear trend towards a rise in the frequency of preterm births linked to preeclampsia, as well as an increased incidence of hypertensive disorders in women with elevated BMI. Future research should explore the long-term impacts of maternal obesity on health.