A Digital Twin Model for an Integrated In-Situ Production and Yard-Stock Optimization of Precast Concrete Components Leveraging BIM Technology

Digital Twin (DT) technology has become a cornerstone of data-driven decision-making in the construction industry through its simulation and predictive capabilities. The integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and DT forms a closed-loop system that delivers dynamic operational insights, including predictive maintenance, performance tracking, and risk assessment. This study introduces a BIM-enabled DT framework designed to optimize in-situ production and stockyard management of precast concrete (PC) components. Utilizing the Oracle Crystal Ball simulation tool, probabilistic scheduling and CO₂ emissions optimization were conducted. Results showed potential reductions exceeding 10% in project duration and up to 8.7% in environmental impact. The framework was validated through application to a large-scale logistics warehouse project, providing practical insights for sustainable construction planning.