Comparative Analysis of Quantum Dot Synthesis: Methods, Advantages, and Applications

Because of their superior effects in optics and electronics, “Quantum dots” (QDs) have many applications in biomedical imaging, optoelectronics, photovoltaics and catalysis [1]. The synthesis of QDs significantly influences their size, shape, monodispersity, and functional performance, necessitating a comparative evaluation of different synthetic methodologies [2]. This review aims to provide comprehensive comparative analysis of the two primary synthesis approaches: bottom-up and top-down. Bottom-up methods, like colloidal, solvothermal, microwave-assisted, and green synthesis, enable us to have precise control over QD characteristics along with high quantum yields but often involve toxicity concerns and scalability limitations [3]. In contrast, top-down techniques like including lithography, laser ablation, and ball milling promise high-purity QDs with excellent crystallinity but suffer from high costs and energy consumption, limiting their large-scale availability [4]. A comparative analysis of various QDs synthesis methods showed that no single technique is universally superior; but the selection of the synthetic method depends on the focused applications of Nanocrystals [2]. For biomedical applications, non-toxic and biocompatible QDs synthesized through green methods are preferred, whereas high-performance optoelectronic applications benefit from monodisperse QDs synthesized via colloidal or solvothermal approaches [5]. Despite many significant advancements in synthetic methods of QDs, challenges remain in controlling toxicity, production scalability, and cost-effectiveness[4]. By integrating hybrid synthetic strategies of both bottom-up and top-down methods, advancements can be made to achieve a designed biodegradable, nontoxic QDs [6]. Overcoming these issues is key to increasing the use of QDs in industry and science, so they can be used reliably and widely throughout future nanotechnology.