Process for Converting Carbon Dioxide to Graphite Using Active Metal Liquid and Its Application for Green Hydrogen Production via Methane-Steam-Reforming Reaction

About 60% of global warming effects are attributed to carbon dioxide emission. The global annual carbon dioxide discharge is around 40 billion tons per year, primarily from burning fossil fuels. Any methods for carbon dioxide capture and reduction could not be a thorough approach if carbon dioxide is not converted to a stable and useful substance. To deal with the enormous amount of discharged carbon dioxide, a new process to split carbon dioxide and convert it to graphite using active metal liquid such as liquid magnesium is presented. As the graphite produced is a critical mineral/material with extensive applications and demands (e.g., as raw material of graphene and diamond production), this carbon dioxide reduction technology can be economically viable. Combined with this carbon dioxide conversion method, the steam-methane-reforming (SMR) process, which accounts for 95% hydrogen production, will become a greener or totally green hydrogen production technology if clean energy is employed to maintain and initiate the processes involved. The entire process is commercializable for hydrogen production, carbon dioxide reduction/carbon fixing, and graphite production with the combination of chemical engineering and metallurgy technologies. There are no technological barriers for the presented process as all the chemical engineering and metallurgy sub-processes involved are proven and feasible. If hydrogen is adopted as the major fuel in the future, the problems arisen from carbon dioxide emission could be largely solved.