Exploring Anti-Idiotypic HIV Vaccines through Oral Immunisation and Immunological Network Theory

Background/Objectives: This study explores an oral immunisation strategy for HIV, using antibodies targeting the conserved gp120 254–274 region to stimulate immune responses without direct antigen exposure. Methods: Antibodies were administered via the gastrointestinal tract in feline models. The goal was to assess mucosal immune engagement and the induction of adaptive immunity through host recognition of antibody idiotypes. Immune responses were evaluated through endogenous antibody production and functional binding inhibition assays. Results: The orally delivered antibodies successfully triggered secondary immune responses, leading to the production of host antibodies that inhibited HIV gp120 binding. This demonstrated effective immune activation and functional protection. Conclusions: Oral administration of anti-gp120 antibodies can stimulate mucosal and systemic immunity, offering a novel and practical platform for HIV immunotherapy and a potential alternative to conventional vaccines.