Superiority of Carbon Nanocomposites on Diarthrosis Lubrication

Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have emerged as a revolutionary class of nanostructures with exceptional physicochemical properties, making them indispensable in environmental remediation, pollutant detection, and analytical sciences. Nanofluids, which are engineered colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in a base fluid, have garnered significant attention due to their enhanced thermal properties compared to traditional fluids. Among these properties, viscosity plays a crucial role in determining the flow behaviour and thermal performance of nanofluids in various applications. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the various models used to predict the viscosity of nanofluids. We discuss the significance of viscosity in nanofluids, the key factors influencing viscosity, and a comparative analysis of existing viscosity models. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research directions in this emerging field. Elastohydrodynamic (EHD) lubrication plays a crucial role in the function of synovial joints, providing necessary lubrication and reducing friction during movement. This study explores the implications of elastohydrodynamic squeeze-film interactions in synovial joints, particularly under conditions enhanced by nanofluid lubrication. The introduction of nanofluids—suspensions of nanoparticles in conventional lubricants—has shown potential in improving lubrication performance due to their unique thermal and rheological properties. This paper discusses the fundamental principles of EHD lubrication, the characteristics of synovial fluid, the mechanics of squeeze-film interactions in joint motion, and the beneficial effects of nanofluids. Additionally, the implications of these findings for joint health and potential applications in biomedical engineering are examined. Synovial joints, such as the knee and hip, are critical components of the human musculoskeletal system, enabling smooth and efficient movement. The lubrication mechanism within these joints is essential for minimizing friction and wear, thereby maintaining joint health. This paper investigates the elastohydrodynamic squeeze-film interaction in synovial joints, focusing on the role of nanofluid lubrication. By incorporating nanoparticles into the synovial fluid, we explore how the enhanced rheological properties of nanofluids influence the lubrication performance, load-bearing capacity, and wear resistance of synovial joints. A mathematical model is developed to simulate the elastohydrodynamic squeeze-film interaction, considering the non-Newtonian behaviour of synovial fluid and the elastic deformation of articular cartilage. The results demonstrate that nanofluid lubrication significantly improves the lubrication performance, suggesting potential applications in the treatment and prevention of joint disorders such as osteoarthritis.