A Hybrid Approach for Battery Selection Based on Green Criteria in Electric Vehicles: DEMATEL-QFD-Interval Type-2 Fuzzy VIKOR

Production involves processes such as raw material extraction, energy consumption, and waste management, which can lead to significant environmental consequences. Therefore, supplier selection based not only on technical performance but also on environmental sustainability criteria has become a fundamental component of eco-friendly manufacturing strategies. Moreover, in the selection of electric vehicle batteries, it is essential to consider customer demands alongside environmental factors. Accordingly, selected suppliers should fulfill company expectations while also reflecting the "voice" of the customer. The objective of this study is to propose an integrated approach for green supplier selection by taking into account various environmental performance requirements and criteria. The proposed approach evaluates battery suppliers with respect to both customer requirements and green criteria. To construct the relational structure, the DEMATEL method was employed to analyze the interrelationships among customer requirements (CRs). Subsequently, the QFD model was used to establish a central relational matrix that captures the degree of correlation between each pair of supplier selection criteria and CRs. Finally, to evaluate and rank alternative suppliers, the Interval Type-2 Fuzzy VIKOR method was applied. A case study was conducted to demonstrate the potential and applicability of the proposed approach. The proposed hybrid model is expected to provide insights for battery suppliers to enhance their competitive advantage by focusing on weaknesses and leveraging strengths through measurable indicators and evaluations. Moreover, the outcomes of the hybrid approach will offer strategic guidance to battery manufacturers for electric vehicles, aiding them in making informed decisions regarding their competitive positioning in the market.