Application of Comprehensive Unit-Based Safety Programs in Adverse Events and Patient Safety Culture: A Scope Review

Objective: This review aims to explore the application of Comprehensive Unit-based Safety Programs (CUSP) in responding to adverse events, and evaluate its effectiveness in reducing medical errors, enhancing patient safety culture, and improving safety management in medical units. Method: This scope follows the five-stage framework of Arksey and O'Malley. A comprehensive literature search was conducted (from January 1, 2000 to April 15, 2025). Four databases were searched, and relevant references were systematically cataloged. Attention was focused on the general characteristics of the articles, the application scenarios of CUSP, and its impact on adverse events and pa-tient safety culture. Descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis methods were used for data analysis. Results: Out of 1596 related studies, after strict screening, a total of 41 studies that met the criteria were finally included. These studies covered multiple countries (such as the United States, China, Saudi Arabia, India, etc.) and various medical scenarios, including intensive care units (32%), surgery (28%), pediatrics (15%), etc. CUSP is mainly applied to adverse events such as catheter-related bloodstream infections, medication safety, patient transfer, and patient safety culture and quality management. Conclusion: The conclusion of the scope review on the application of Comprehensive Unit-based Safety Programs (CUSP) in adverse events and patient safety culture reveals that CUSP is effective in improving safety culture, reducing ad-verse events, and enhancing healthcare quality. The study shows significant success in reducing medical errors, promoting a proactive safety culture, and improving team-work, especially in ICUs, surgery, and pediatrics. However, more research is needed to explore the long-term effects and further improvements in CUSP implementation.