Exploring the Potential of Holothuroidea Atra Extract in Modulating Fasting Triglyceride Index and Obesity: In Silico, In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Background and aim The prevalence of obesity continues to rise as a significant public health issue, contributing to numerous metabolic conditions such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular problems, and hypertension. While extracts from sea cucumbers demonstrate promise in addressing obesity-related conditions, researchers still need to fully elucidate the mechanisms behind these effects. The research sought to evaluate the impact of Holothuroidea atra extracts on obesity and fasting triglyceride levels through a combination of computer-based predictions and experimental studies on animals. Experimental procedures: This study used in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methods to explore the anti-obesity effects of Holothuroidea atra. Sea cucumbers from Tablolong Beach, Indonesia, underwent ethanol extraction to isolate bioactive compounds. Phytochemical study were used for compound analysis and protein target predictions. Human MSC cultures were treated with the extract for 2 weeks to assess adipogenesis, and obese Sprague Dawley rats were given the extract for 6 weeks. Results and conclusion: The extract contained flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins, saponins, and quinones. In silico studies bioactive compund targeted PPAR-γ, a key regulator of fat metabolism. In vitro, the extract inhibited fat cell formation and reduced inflammation. In vivo, obese rats showed improved lipid and glucose levels and weight loss after treatment. Research findings indicate that Holothuroidea atra extract, shows considerable promise in controlling fasting triglyceride levels, obesity, and related metabolic disorders in animal subjects, with enhanced benefits when combined with exercise.