Ceftriaxone-Induced Pancytopenia: A Case Report and Literature Review on Hematologic Complications of Antibiotic Therapy

Cephalosporins are considered safe antibiotics. However, serious hematological abnormalities may occur, although rarely, after their therapeutic use. We present a case of pancytopenia in a patient treated with ceftriaxone, where, after ruling out other potential causes through extensive diagnostic evaluation, an idiosyncratic drug reaction was established. The patient's clinical condition significantly improved following the discontinuation of ceftriaxone and the administration of filgrastim. This case highlights the importance of recognizing the potential for rare but serious hematologic adverse effects associated with commonly used antibiotics such as ceftriaxone. Early identification and prompt management of these adverse effects are critical to ensure optimal patient outcomes and prevent serious complications.