Resilient-by-Design: A Paradigm Shift in Securing Power CPS against False Data Injection and Beyond

With the increasing integration of cyber and physical layers, power cyber-physical systems (CPS) face growing risks from advanced cyber threats, especially False Data Injection Attacks (FDIAs). Existing defense methods mainly focus on detection, leaving gaps against evolving, multi-stage attacks. This review advocates a shift toward Resilient-by-Design CPS, emphasizing system-level co-design of secure architectures, distributed detection, edge intelligence, and recovery mechanisms. It further discusses adaptive defense strategies using reinforcement learning, generative models, and explainable AI. Future directions include integrating resilience into grid planning, adversarial testing, and cross-sector policy coordination, aiming to enable secure and intelligent power systems.