Cosmic Expansion Driven by Pressure Gradients in A Space-Time Fluid: A Novel Theoretical Framework

  1. Mohd Mudassir

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Abstract

We propose a novel cosmological framework in which space-time is modeled as a compressible, dynamic fluid, and the universe is treated as a finite spherical bubble of this fluid expanding into an external void. The expansion of the universe arises not from a cosmological constant or dark energy, but from a pressure gradient between the internal space-time fluid and the surrounding vacuum. This model derives cosmic acceleration, gravitational behavior, and the arrow of time from a single physical mechanism: the dynamics of pressure within the space-time fluid. We formulate the governing equations using classical fluid dynamics and thermodynamics, showing that a pressure-driven expansion can replicate the results of the standard ΛCDM model, including a transition from early deceleration to acceleration. The theory explains entropy increase as a natural consequence of expansion, linking cosmology with time asymmetry. It also provides a physical basis for resolving the Hubble tension and interpreting inflation as a cavitation-like process. Observational compatibility with CMB, SN Ia, and BAO data is addressed, and a removable section highlights the conceptual inspiration drawn from Quranic descriptions of cosmic structure. This framework offers a unified, testable alternative to conventional cosmology, grounded in classical physics.

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  1. PREreview

    This Zenodo record is a permanently preserved version of a Structured PREreview. You can view the complete PREreview at https://prereview.org/reviews/17148335.

    Does the introduction explain the objective of the research presented in the preprint? Yes
    Are the methods well-suited for this research? Somewhat inappropriate
    Are the conclusions supported by the data? Neither supported nor unsupported
    Are the data presentations, including visualizations, well-suited to represent the data? Somewhat appropriate and clear
    How clearly do the authors discuss, explain, and interpret their findings and potential next steps for the research? Neither clearly nor unclearly
    Is the preprint likely to advance academic knowledge? Not likely
    Would it benefit from language editing? No
    Would you recommend this preprint to others? No, it's of low quality or is majorly flawed While interesting, this is paper represents a major departure without a clear impetus. It seems to be an attempt to fit modern cosmology concepts to a religious text
    Is it ready for attention from an editor, publisher or broader audience? No, it needs a major revision

    Competing interests

    Currently researching a competing hypothesis

  2. Version published to 10.20944/preprints202505.1086.v1